Everything about Abraham Lincoln Peoria Speech totally explained
Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech was made in
Peoria, Illinois on
1854-
10-16. The speech, with its specific arguments against
slavery, was an important step in
Abraham Lincoln's political ascension.
The 1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act, written to form the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, was designed by
Stephen A. Douglas, then the chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories. The Act included language that allowed settlers to decide whether they'd or wouldn't accept slavery in their region. Lincoln saw this as a repeal of the 1820
Missouri Compromise which had outlawed slavery above the 36°30'
parallel.
Lincoln was compelled to argue his case against the Kansas-Nebraska Act in three public speeches during September and October of 1854, all in direct response to Douglas. The most comprehensive address was given by Lincoln in Peoria, Illinois, on October 16. The three hour speech, transcribed after the fact by Lincoln himself, presented thorough moral, legal and economic arguments against slavery, and set the stage for Lincoln’s political future.
Horace White was a young journalist working as the city editor of the
Chicago Evening Journal when he first saw Mr. Lincoln: “It was a warmish day in early October, and Mr. Lincoln was in his shirt sleeves when he stepped on the platform. I observed that, although awkward, he wasn't in the least embarrassed. He began in a slow and hesitating manner, but without any mistakes of language, dates, or facts. It was evident that he'd mastered his subject, that he knew what he was going to say, and that he knew he was right.”
White described the speakers: “At the appointed time Douglas and Lincoln entered the hall, the former taking a seat on the front row of benches and the latter advancing to the platform. The two men presented a wide contrast in personal appearance, Lincoln being 6 feet 3 inches high, lean, angular, raw boned, with a complexion of leather, unkempt, and with clothes that seemed to have dropped on him and might drop off; Douglas, almost a dwarf, only 5 feet 4 inches high, but rotund, portly, smooth faced, with ruddy complexion and a lion-like mane, and dressed in clothes of faultless fit.
White described Lincoln’s style of speaking in colorful terms: “Progressing with his theme, his words began to come faster and his face to light up with the rays of genius and his body to move in unison with his thoughts. His gestures were made with his body and head rather than with his arms. His speaking went to the heart because it came form the heart. I've heard celebrated orators who could start thunders of applause without changing any man’s opinion. Mr. Lincoln’s eloquence was of the higher type, which produced conviction in others because of the conviction of the speaker himself. His listeners felt that he believed every word he said, and that, like
Martin Luther, he'd go to the stake rather than abate on jot or tittle of it. In such transfigured moments as these he was the type of the ancient Hebrew prophet as I learned that character at
Sunday-school in my childhood.”
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